Masonry works refer to the process of building structures by laying individual units of materials such as bricks, stones, or concrete blocks, bonded together with mortar.
In simple terms: It’s the construction of walls, partitions, and other structures using bricks, blocks, or stones joined by cement, lime, or mud.
Building and Substructure refers to all the construction work carried out below the finished ground level for the purpose of supporting, protecting and stabilising the main building structure. It includes structural components and operations that transfer building loads safely into the ground and protect the superstructure from soil movements, moisture, and ground conditions.
Substructure work consists of site preparation, excavations, foundations, ground floors, retaining structures, damp-proofing, basements and related drainage systems. These elements form the base on which the superstructure rests and ensure long-term strength, durability and safety of the building.
- Teacher: Odel Trainer